專(zhuān)訪歐洲最大碼頭運(yùn)營(yíng)商總裁：不排斥與中國(guó)船公司開(kāi)展股權(quán)合作 ｜ 港口圈

中國(guó)港口與歐洲港口有哪些不同？航運(yùn)聯(lián)盟的變化重組會(huì)對(duì)歐洲港口的運(yùn)營(yíng)產(chǎn)生哪些影響？hello大家好，我是甲魚(yú)，今天我要去采訪 EUROGATE 集團(tuán)的 CEO Michael Blach。EUROGATE 是一家老牌的歐洲碼頭運(yùn)營(yíng)商，旗下有德國(guó)漢堡（港）、不萊梅哈芬（港）、威廉港三大核心樞紐，在全球一共運(yùn)營(yíng)著 12 座集裝箱碼頭。那話(huà)不多說(shuō)，讓我們帶著這些問(wèn)題，一起去看看 Michael 是怎么回答的吧。

Q1：您如何看待歐洲港口在全球航運(yùn)聯(lián)盟重組中的話(huà)語(yǔ)權(quán)變化？EUROGATE是否會(huì)考慮進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)與航運(yùn)公司的資源綁定，例如在資本或運(yùn)營(yíng)層面展開(kāi)更深層次合作？

So what we have seen over the past years is that the alliances of the big shipping lines, they change from time to time. For example, in 2017 and 2018, there was a major reshuffle of alliances which led to us, for example, losing 25% of our business at our terminal in Hamburg, whereas we were gaining at other terminals because we have very good connections with basically all carriers. We managed to replace the 25% of business that we lost in Hamburg and we gained on top of that 22%. So I guess what you have to do is you have to stay on your toes and you have to be very well connected to basically all the carriers and as the alliances change you have to be sure that you're very light on your feet to be able to really move with these changes and also use these changes to your advantage.

我們?cè)谶^(guò)去幾年看到的是，大型航運(yùn)公司的聯(lián)盟總是在變化。例如在 2017 年和 2018 年，聯(lián)盟發(fā)生了重大改組，這導(dǎo)致了我們漢堡的碼頭丟了 25% 的生意。不過(guò)我們?cè)谄渌a頭有所增長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)槲覀兣c基本上所有的船公司都保持著良好的聯(lián)系。我們成功彌補(bǔ)了在漢堡損失的 25% 業(yè)務(wù)，并且在此基礎(chǔ)上還額外增長(zhǎng)了 22%。所以我猜你要做什么（面對(duì)聯(lián)盟重組），你必須保持警覺(jué)，與盡可能多的船公司保持良好的接觸。隨著聯(lián)盟的變化，你必須保持敏銳，隨變化而動(dòng)，并利用這些變化。

To your second question in terms of capital participation at our terminals, the EUROGATE group consists today of 12 terminals. Most of those terminals we are actually operating and managing with partners from the carriers, so we are neutral as a group, but on the individual terminal level, we are operating with many carriers also on a shareholder basis.

你的第二個(gè)問(wèn)題，關(guān)于我們碼頭資本參與方面，歐門(mén)集團(tuán)今天由 12 個(gè)港口樞紐組成。這些港口中的大多數(shù)，我們實(shí)際上都是與船公司伙伴一起運(yùn)營(yíng)管理的。所以集團(tuán)層面來(lái)說(shuō)我們是中立的，但在單個(gè)碼頭層面，我們與許多船公司合作，在股權(quán)層面也有合作。

Q2：EUROGATE2026年的計(jì)劃吞吐量是多少？主要增長(zhǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)來(lái)自哪些航線？

We are planning to grow double digit as well in 2026, and for the first quarter, we are also already in double digit growth, and we have just recently opened a new terminal in Damietta in Egypt, and obviously for this new terminal, we are planning very significant growth as well.

我們 2026 年也計(jì)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)兩位數(shù)，這在第一季度我們已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。我們最近剛在埃及的達(dá)米埃塔開(kāi)設(shè)了一個(gè)新碼頭，我們也計(jì)劃在那里實(shí)現(xiàn)顯著增長(zhǎng)。

Q3：多式聯(lián)運(yùn)一直是EUROGATE的重要業(yè)務(wù)方向之一，能否介紹一下目前在漢堡、不來(lái)梅哈芬等核心港口海鐵聯(lián)運(yùn)的大致占比情況？EUROGATE在模式、效率或服務(wù)方面有哪些優(yōu)勢(shì)？

Germany is blessed with a very, very advanced rail network, and as a matter of fact in Hamburg where we typically have about 50% of the cargo coming in being moved by rail or 50% plus. At the ports at the coast, for example Bremerhaven and Wilhelmshaven, and for the local business that we do have, it is also typical that about 50% of the local business will go by rail. We have capital participation on numerous of our terminals, not all of them, but numerous of them.

德國(guó)很幸運(yùn)擁有（先進(jìn)的鐵路網(wǎng)），事實(shí)上在漢堡，通常約有 50% 的進(jìn)港貨物是通過(guò)鐵路轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的，或者百分之五十以上。至于沿海港口，例如不萊梅港和威廉港。對(duì)于我們現(xiàn)有的當(dāng)?shù)貥I(yè)務(wù)，通常約 50% 也會(huì)通過(guò)鐵路運(yùn)輸。我們很多碼頭都有其他資本參與，雖然不是全部，但可以說(shuō)大部分。

Q4：目前，EUROGATE已經(jīng)與MSC、Maersk等國(guó)際運(yùn)營(yíng)商開(kāi)展了合資碼頭合作。未來(lái)會(huì)考慮引入中國(guó)港口運(yùn)營(yíng)商嗎？在您看來(lái)，這類(lèi)合作的機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)分別在哪里？

To have a cooperation with a Chinese-based carrier in the future could very potentially be something that could work out if that were to be of interest to COSCO or to OOCL and it would work for one of the terminals that we have in our portfolio today or maybe one of the new terminals that we might get in the future.

未來(lái)與中國(guó)的船公司開(kāi)展合作極有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，如果中遠(yuǎn)海運(yùn)或者東方海外對(duì)此感興趣，并且符合我們現(xiàn)有或未來(lái)的碼頭組合。

Q5：您認(rèn)為EUROGATE和中國(guó)港口有哪些不同的地方？

I think there are a number of differences but there also a number of similarities. The Chinese terminals are typically much larger because China is very big and the container volumes are very big, so of course there's a size difference. Then there may be another difference as well that many of the Chinese terminals have been developed within the past couple of decades so they are relatively new terminals designed in a modern way for the biggest container ships. In EUROGATE, some of those terminals are very old traditional terminals that have been maybe in the port since the beginning of containerization 60 years ago, and in that case, you have to go through if you will a brownfield modernization of those terminals to make sure that they also go up to the standards of today and meet the requirements of tomorrow.

我認(rèn)為有許多不同之處，但也有很多相似之處。中國(guó)碼頭通常規(guī)模大得多，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)非常龐大，集裝箱吞吐量也非常大。所以當(dāng)然，有規(guī)模差異。那么可能還有另一個(gè)區(qū)別，許多中國(guó)碼頭都是在近二十年內(nèi)興建的，所以它們是相對(duì)較新的碼頭，采用了現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)計(jì)理念，能夠容納最大的集裝箱船。在歐門(mén)集團(tuán)，其中一些碼頭非常舊，可能是在 60 年前集裝箱化開(kāi)始時(shí)的老碼頭。在這種情況下，你必須通過(guò)一些現(xiàn)代化改造，以確保它們達(dá)到現(xiàn)在的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并滿(mǎn)足未來(lái)的要求。