美國頂媒專訪：30多年來，中國對美政策三大原則沒變

編者按：5月12日，中國人民大學(xué)重陽金融研究院院長、全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力學(xué)院院長王文接受美國頂級在線新聞媒體平臺《赫芬頓郵報》（HuffPost）專訪時指出，三十年來，中國對美國的戰(zhàn)略始終未變，基于三大支柱：和平共處、相互尊重、合作共贏。中國希望堅持這一立場，并將依據(jù)這三項原則在各方面向美國提出維護(hù)自身利益的要求。現(xiàn)將專訪中文譯文及英文原文發(fā)布如下： （中文譯文約2000字，預(yù)計閱讀時間6分鐘）

▲報道截圖如上

01

美國在貿(mào)易問題上已犯下巨大戰(zhàn)略誤判

《赫芬頓郵報》：王文教授，中國是伊朗最大的石油買家。中國會利用這一影響力說服伊朗讓步并與特朗普達(dá)成協(xié)議嗎？

王文：中國希望美伊盡快結(jié)束戰(zhàn)爭，但中國不會將石油作為施壓伊朗的杠桿。恰恰相反，中國尊重伊朗主權(quán)，并對其遭受美國欺壓的痛苦經(jīng)歷感同身受。這既是出于同情，也是對基本正義的維護(hù)。中國會做的是建議美國尊重伊朗主權(quán)。

《赫芬頓郵報》：特朗普似乎提出想以關(guān)稅減免換取中國協(xié)助對抗伊朗，中國愿意做這筆交易嗎？

王文：貿(mào)易問題不能被用作迫使中國對伊朗采取行動的籌碼。事實上，美國在貿(mào)易問題上已犯下巨大的戰(zhàn)略誤判。

《赫芬頓郵報》：這是什么意思？

王文：美國曾認(rèn)為中國畏懼貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，其經(jīng)濟(jì)將遭受重創(chuàng)。恰恰相反，中國有效利用貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)實現(xiàn)了外貿(mào)多元化，并推動了技術(shù)自主化。中國將告訴美國：中國不懼怕貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)，但也不希望發(fā)生貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。中方的信號很明確：“若你繼續(xù)打，我便奉陪；若你求和，我便接受。”

02

中國始終支持和平談判的外交政策

《赫芬頓郵報》：中國如何看待美伊戰(zhàn)爭及其全球影響？

王文：這場戰(zhàn)爭顯然是美國挑起的，是以色列利用美國對伊政策的結(jié)果。中國始終支持和平談判的外交政策，旨在管控外部沖突。和平的國際環(huán)境有利于中國發(fā)展。中國不希望美伊戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)，因為這將損害中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。更重要的是，中國一貫反對美國霸權(quán)欺凌行徑，但另一方面，中國不會通過支持伊朗捍衛(wèi)主權(quán)而尋求與美國對抗。中國非常謹(jǐn)慎地管理著中美關(guān)系，既表達(dá)反美霸權(quán)立場，又維持對美戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定性。

《赫芬頓郵報》：若特朗普要求中國協(xié)助重開霍爾木茲海峽呢？

王文：中國當(dāng)然希望重開霍爾木茲海峽，因其40%的石油進(jìn)口需經(jīng)此航道。但海峽重開是美伊之間的事務(wù)，須由雙方解決。

03

會晤雖不能解決一切

但總比不見好

《赫芬頓郵報》：中國是否想證明中國外交優(yōu)于美國？

王文：中國外交始終以穩(wěn)定為要務(wù)，視其為增長的根本動力。過去四十年，我們成功平衡了堅定與務(wù)實。我們既堅決捍衛(wèi)國家利益，又能通過合作構(gòu)建有利于中國發(fā)展的國際環(huán)境。更重要的是，中國是近40年來唯一未卷入、發(fā)動或參與戰(zhàn)爭的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體。近年來，中國的國際形象和軟實力在多方面已超越美國。這堪稱中國外交的非凡成就。秘訣在于中國將穩(wěn)定與可持續(xù)性置于首位：我們從不因短期利益犧牲宏觀戰(zhàn)略。反觀美國外交已然失敗。美國放任自己被拖入一系列戰(zhàn)爭沖突，最終侵蝕其本土經(jīng)濟(jì)。

《赫芬頓郵報》：特朗普難以預(yù)測。中國如何準(zhǔn)備與其談判？對此訪有何期待？

王文：中國不指望一次會晤解決中美所有問題。但兩國元首舉行會晤總比不見要好，至少有助于維持雙邊關(guān)系穩(wěn)定。兩國穩(wěn)定有利于全球發(fā)展，也有利于中美兩國發(fā)展。三十年來，中國對美國的戰(zhàn)略始終未變，基于三大支柱：和平共處、相互尊重、合作共贏。中國希望堅持這一立場，并將依據(jù)這三項原則在各方面向美國提出維護(hù)自身利益的要求。

英文原文

HuffPost:Professor Wen, China is Iran's largest oil buyer. Will China use this power to convince Tehran to give in and make a deal with Trump?

Wang Wen:China hopes the United States and Iran will end the war as soon as possible, but Beijing will not use oil as leverage to pressure Iran. On the contrary, China respects Iran 's sovereignty and empathizes with its painful experience of being bullied by the United States. This is an expression of compassion and a defense of fundamental justice. What China will do is suggest to the United States that it should respect Iran 's sovereignty.

HuffPost:Trump appears to be offering a tariff reduction in exchange for Chinese aid against Iran. Is Beijing willing to make this trade?

Wang Wen:Trade issues cannot be used as leverage to pressure China into action against Tehran. Indeed, the United States has made a huge strategic miscalculation on trade.

HuffPost:What does he mean?

Wang Wen:The US believed that China feared a trade war and that its economy would be severely affected. On the contrary, China has effectively used the trade war to diversify its foreign trade and promote its technological self-sufficiency. Beijing will tell the United States that it isn 't afraid of a trade war, but at the same time, it doesn 't want one. The Chinese message is clear: "If you want to continue the trade war, I will fight; if you want a truce, I will accept. "

HuffPost:What is China's view of the US-Iran war and its global consequences?

Wang Wen:This war was obviously triggered by Washington and is the result of US policy toward Iran being exploited by Israel. China 's foreign policy, which consistently supports peace talks, aims to manage external conflicts. A peaceful international environment is beneficial to China 's development. Beijing does not want the US-Iran war to drag on, as this would be detrimental to China 's economic development. More importantly, China has always opposed US hegemonic and bullying practices, but on the other hand, China will not seek antagonism with the US by supporting Iran in defending its sovereignty. Beijing manages its relationship with the United States very carefully, both expressing its opposition to US hegemony and maintaining the stability of its strategic relationship with the US.

HuffPost:What if Trump asked China to help him reopen the Strait of Hormuz?

Wang Wen:China certainly hopes to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, given that 40% of its oil imports pass through it.

However, it will not cooperate with Trump in pressuring Iran to reopen the Strait. The reopening of the Strait is a matter between the United States and Iran, requiring resolution by both sides. Moreover, Iran 's attitude toward China is moderate and friendly. Tehran will not block Chinese ships importing oil through the Strait of Hormuz, nor will it impose any taxes on Chinese vessels.

HuffPost:Does China intend to prove that Chinese diplomacy is better than American one?

Wang Wen:Chinese diplomacy has always focused on stability, considering it the essential engine for our growth. Over the past forty years, we have successfully balanced firmness with pragmatism. We have vigorously defended our national interests, but we have also been able to build, through cooperation, an international environment favorable to China 's development. More importantly, China is the only major economy in the last 40 years that has not been involved in, started, or participated in wars. In recent years, China 's international image and soft power have grown to the point of surpassing, in many contexts, that of the United States. This is an extraordinary achievement for our diplomacy. The secret is that Beijing prioritizes stability and sustainability: we never sacrifice a broad strategy for small, immediate gains. In contrast, American diplomacy has failed. Washington has allowed itself to be dragged into a series of wars and conflicts that, ultimately, have eroded its own domestic economy.

HuffPost:Trump is unpredictable. How is China preparing to negotiate with him, and what does it expect from this meeting?

Wang Wen:China does not expect a single trip to resolve all the problems in Sino - US relations. However, a bilateral meeting between the two heads of state is better than no meeting at all, as it at least serves to maintain stability in bilateral relations. Stability between the two countries contributes to global development, as well as the development of both China and the United States. Over the past 30 years, Beijing 's strategy toward Washington has remained unchanged and is based on three pillars: peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, and win-win cooperation. China hopes to maintain this position and will use these three principles to make demands of the United States in all areas, in order to safeguard its interests.

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